Normally, dragging the mouse moves the cursor on the construction plane in the active viewport. Simply move the cursor to another viewport to change the construction plane.
You can also restrict the cursor movement in a number of ways, including:
Locks the next point will be placed at a specified distance from the last point.
To constrain to a distance
Type a number at the command prompt and press Enter. The marker moves around the last point at the specified distance.
Use distance constraint to draw a line
Start the Line command, and place the first line point.
At the End of line prompt, type 4. The line endpoint moves around the last point 4dim units away.
Click to place the point, or, type an angle, and press Enter.
Angle constraint
Locks the next point will be placed at a specified angle relative to the last point.
Constrain to an angle
Type an angle at the command prompt in the format <angle and press Enter. The cursor moves along a line at the specified angle. The angle constraint can also be used for finalizing the pick in elevator mode.
Use angle constraint to draw a line
Start the Line command, and place the first line point.
At the End of line… prompt, type <20. The line is restricted to 20-degree angle increments.
Click to place the point, or, type a distance, and press Enter.
Distance and angle constraint used together
The distance and angle constraints can be combined.
To use both distance and angle
At a prompt type the @ symbol, or type r to set the distance relative to the last point.
Use distance and angle to draw a line
Start the Line command, and place the first line point.
At the End of line… prompt, type @5<45 or r5<45. The line is drawn 5 units from the last point at the angle 45 degrees from the first point.
Direction lock (Tab key)
The Tab key locks the cursor's direction of travel.
To use direction lock
When drawing, after placing the first point, drag the mouse to a new location and tap the Tab key to lock the direction.
Draw a line using direction lock
Start the Line command, and place the first line point. Use an object snap to locate a specific location on another object.
Tap the Tab key. The marker is now constrained along the line between the first point and the point where the marker, was when you tapped the Tab key. If grid snap is on and ortho is activated, the direction lock snaps to grid lines.
Tips
Use the direction lock constraint when you want the line to pass through the end of a curve and then go beyond it. Turn on end object snap. When you move the cursor close to the end of the curve, the marker snaps to the curve end. Tap the Tab key and then move the mouse beyond the curve end and pick. The line will pass through the end of the curve.
Use direction lock constraint combined with the distance constraint to draw a curve of a specified length and then constrain the angle with the Tab key.
Circle lock (Tab key)
A second tap of the Tab key will set Rhino into a tracking mode on a circle where, instead of locking to a line defined by the last pick point and the 3‑D mouse location when the Tab key is tapped, Rhino tracks to a circle with the center at the last pick point and the radius defined by the Tab tap location.
To use circle lock
When drawing, after placing the first point, drag the mouse to a new location and tap the Tab key twice to lock the circle radius.
Elevator mode
Specify a point that is a given distance above or below a point on the construction plane.
Start the Curve command and place the first point.
At the Next point of curve... prompt, pick another location in the perspective viewport.
At the Next point... prompt, hold Ctrl and pick a point in the perspective viewport.
Drag the mouse in the perspective viewport. A tracking line displays, indicating that the marker is constrained to move perpendicular to the construction plane. Click to select the point. Notice the location of the marker in the other views.
Drag objects perpendicular to the construction plane using elevator mode
Select the objects to move.
Hold Ctrl and click and drag the selection set. A tracking line will connect the point you picked to the marker, indicating the new location of the selection set.
Release the left mouse button to place the objects.
Turn off elevator mode if you have started elevator mode in error
After starting elevator mode, hold Ctrl and click the left mouse button again.
Continue with picking locations. You can start elevator mode in another location.
Example with angle and elevator mode
Start the Line command and place the first line point.
At the End of line… prompt, move the mouse to the location where the line should end, activate elevator (press Ctrl ), and type <30. A line is drawn at 30 degree angle to the construction plane, ending on the elevator line.
Elevator mode can also be activated from direction lock, but only if the command allows 3‑D points.
Note
Type a number at the command prompt to specify the elevation of the point. Positive numbers are above the construction plane, negative numbers are below.
Specifying 3-D points using 2-D input devices (the mouse and monitor) is aided with construction planes. Anything drawn in Rhino by simply picking points is always drawn on the construction plane of the current viewport.
Point filters
Point filters extract individual x, y, and z coordinate values from different points to create a new, composite point.
You can use point filters to pick one coordinate value at a time while temporarily ignoring other coordinate values. If you use point filters with object snaps, they extract coordinate values from an existing object so you can locate another point.
After you specify the first value, you are prompted for the remaining values.
Point filters only work when 3-D input is allowed, and you cannot start with one point filter and then apply another one.
The following filters are possible:
.x
.y
.z
.xy (.yx)
.xz (.zx)
.yz (.zy)
.wx
.wy
.wz
.wxy (.wyx)
.wxz (.wzx)
.wyz (.wzy)
Draw a point using filters
To place a point at the x coordinate of the right end of a line and the y coordinate of the left end of a line.
At the X coordinate of prompt, with the End object snap activated, pick the right end point of the line.
This sets the x coordinate of the point to the right end of the curve.
At the next Location of point object prompt, type .y.
At the Y coordinate of prompt with the End object snap activated, pick the left endpoint of the line. This sets the y coordinate of the point to the left end of the curve.
At the Location of point object prompt, pick to place the point. If you specified an x value, the coordinate of the new point matches the x value of the first point and the y, z value of the second point.
Entering numbers
Use numbers for entering distances, angles, and point coordinates.
No spaces are permitted in a number, angle, or x, y, z coordinate points.
Basic numbers
Whole numbers
123
Decimal numbers
123.456
0.456
.456
Scientific notation
-1.23456e10
1.23456E10
Fractions
5/16
1-3/4 (1.75)
Units
You can specify units when typing lengths and point coordinates. The numbers will automatically convert to the model's units. For example, if your model units are meters, and you type 27cm, Rhino automatically converts your number to 0.27. This also works for converting feet and inches or any other unit system.
Unit examples
1.235millimeters
-1.234cm
+16'5" (16 feet 5 inches)
1'2-3/4" (1 foot 2.75 inches)
Cartesian coordinates
When prompted for a point, you can click the mouse in a viewport to define the point coordinates or you can or type the coordinates in several ways:
You can type x and y coordinates or x, y and z coordinates to place points. With the w prefix you can type world coordinates, with r prefix relative coordinates, and with wr prefix world relative coordinates.
Construction plane coordinates
When Rhino prompts you for a point, if you type x and y Cartesian coordinates, the point will lie on the construction plane of the current viewport.
Use 2-D construction plane coordinates
At a prompt, type the coordinate in the format x,y where x is the x coordinate and y is the y coordinate of the point.
Use 3-D construction plane coordinates
At a prompt, type the coordinate in the format x,y,z where x is the x coordinate, y is the y coordinate, and z is the z coordinate of the point. There are no spaces between the coordinate values.
To place a point 3 units in the x direction, four units in the y direction, and 10 units in the z direction from the construction plane origin, type 3,4,10 at the prompt. If you enter only x and y coordinates, the point will lie on the construction plane.
Examples
x,y,z
3,4,5
2,-11 (2,-11,0) When you omit the z coordinate, it is automatically set to 0.
If you type only x and y coordinates, the point will lie on the construction plane of the active view.
At a prompt for a point, type coordinates in the format x,y,z and press Enter.
Note
0 (zero) is a shortcut for 0,0.
There are no spaces between the coordinate values.
Use construction plane coordinates to draw a line
Start the Line command and place the first line point at 0,0. This starts the line at the construction plane origin.
At the End of line... prompt, type 12,6,10 and press Enter. The line is drawn from the construction plane origin to a point 12 units along the x-axis, 6 units along the y-axis, and 10 units along the z-axis of the current construction plane.
World coordinates
Rhino contains one world coordinate system. The world coordinate system cannot be changed. When Rhino prompts you for a point, you can type coordinates in the world coordinate system.
The arrow icon in the lower left corner of each viewport displays the direction of the world x, y, and z axes. The arrows move to show the orientation of the world axes when you rotate a view.
Use 2-D world coordinates
At a prompt, type the coordinate in the format wx,y, and press Enter.
Use 3-D world coordinates
At a prompt, type the coordinate in the format wx,y,z, and press Enter.
To place a point 3 units in the world x direction, 4 units in the world y direction, and 10 units in the world z direction from the world origin, type w3,4,10 at the prompt.
Note
W0 is a shortcut for w0,0,0.
There are no spaces between the coordinate values.
Examples
Type w in front of the coordinates, to use the world coordinate system; otherwise the construction plane coordinates of the active view are used.
World x,y,x
w9,3,4
World polar
w78<32
Use world coordinates to draw a line
Start the Line command and place the first line point at w0,0,0, and press Enter. This starts the line at the world coordinate origin.
At the End of line... prompt, type w12,6,10 and press Enter. The line is drawn from the world origin to a point 12,6,10 in the world coordinates.
Relative coordinates
Rhino remembers the last point used, so you can enter the next point relative to it. Relative coordinates are useful for entering a list of points where the relative locations instead of absolute locations of the points are known. Use relative coordinates to locate points according to their relationship to the previous active point.
Use relative coordinates
At a prompt, type the coordinates in the format rx,y where r signifies that the coordinate is relative to the previous point.
At the Start of line… prompt, click to place the first end of the line.
At the End of line… prompt, type r2,3, and press Enter or Space. The line is drawn to a point 2 units in the x direction and 3 units in the y direction from the last point.
Example
In commands like Line and Polyline, you can specify relative points.
Construction plane
@3,4 (Move 3 units in the x direction and 4 units in the y direction from the previous point.)
r3,4
R3,4
@5<30 (Relative points work with any point format.)
World
@w11<N30d22'54.43"W
Relative polar construction plane
r4<45
@4<45
Relative polar world
rw4<45
Command-line calculator
Any time you are entering a number, length, point coordinate, or angle, you can use a math formula.
In addition to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, you can also use parenthesis and math functions.
Examples:
If you need the number pi (3.14159...), type pi.
When prompted for a point, to get a point 10 units from the origin rotated counter-clockwise 30 degrees, type: 10*sin(30degrees),10*cos(30degrees)
When prompted for any coordinate or length, append any metric or US customary length unit or abbreviation that makes sense any of the languages Rhino supports. For example: 10m 10meter 10meters 10metros 10metre 10metres
When prompted for any angle value, append any angle unit name makes sense any of the languages Rhino supports. For example: 30d 30degrees pi pi/2radians 100gradians 15d30'22.3450" (arc degrees, arc minutes, arc seconds) 22' (22 arc minutes)
When the number pi (3.14159....) is needed, type pi or the Greek letter π.
You can use formulas like (10*sin(pi/4) + 63.00)/1.234e12+-56.3 (no spaces in formulas). More generally, a formula can contain: unary +, unary -, arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division parentheses math functions: sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2, ln, log10, exp, sinh, cosh, tanh, pow, sqrt numbers, including integer-dash-fraction formatted numbers as in 1-3/4 for 1.75
SmartTrack
Object snaps
Ortho
