Navigate in viewports
Navigation is accomplished using a camera and target metaphor. The camera and target can be visualized with the Camera command.
The viewport title has some special functions for manipulating the viewport.
- Click the title to make the viewport active without disturbing the view.
- Drag the viewport title to move the viewport.
- Double-click the viewport title to maximize the viewport. Double-click again to restore the size to normal.
Viewport projection
Viewports can have one of three projections: parallel, perspective or two-point perspective.
Right mouse navigation works differently in the two viewport styles. In parallel views, right mouse dragging pans the view. In perspective views, right-mouse dragging rotates the view. In the usual four-viewport layout, there are three parallel viewports and one perspective viewport.
Parallel
Parallel views are also called orthogonal views in some systems. In a parallel view, all the grid lines are parallel to each other, and identical objects look the same size, regardless of where they are in space.
![](../image/topic_illustrations/parallelprojection.png)
Parallel projection.
Perspective
In a perspective view, grid lines converge to a vanishing point. This provides the illusion of depth in the viewport. Perspective projection makes objects farther away look smaller.
![](../image/topic_illustrations/perspectiveprojection.png)
Perspective projection.
Viewport navigation
Rhino’s easy navigation helps you to visualize your model.
The simplest way to change the view is to drag the mouse with right button held down. This pans the view in parallel views and rotates the view in perspective views.
You can change your view in the middle of a command to see precisely where you want to select an object or choose a point.
![Not on toolbars.](../image/general/_no_toolbar_button.png)
Camera
Show, hide, or toggle the visibility of the viewport camera.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View | Standard | View](../image/command_icons/undoview.png)
UndoView
Undo the last view change.
Pan and Rotate
![Toolbar: Set View | Standard | View](../image/command_icons/pan.png)
Pan
Shift the location of the view camera and target parallel to the view plane.
![Toolbar: Set View | Standard | View](../image/command_icons/rotatecamera_rt.png)
RotateCamera
Rotate the view target around the camera.
![Toolbar: Set View | Standard | View](../image/command_icons/rotateview.png)
RotateView
Rotate the view camera around the target.
![Toolbar: View](../image/command_icons/tiltview.png)
TiltView
Rotate the view around the view axis.
Zoom
![Toolbar: Lens Length | Render Sidebar | Set View | View](../image/command_icons/dollyzoom.png)
DollyZoom
Move the camera location and change the lens length at the same time.
![Toolbar: Popup | Render Sidebar | Set View | Standard | View](../image/command_icons/zoom.png)
Zoom
Move the viewport camera so the area defined by a window selection fills the viewport.
![Toolbar: Set View | View](../image/command_icons/zoom1to1calibrate_rt.png)
Zoom1To1Calibrate
Calibrate the screen for the Zoom command, 1To1 option.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View | View](../image/command_icons/zoomlens_rt.png)
ZoomLens
Adjust the lens length of the viewport camera in a perspective view.
![Toolbar: Edge Tools](../image/command_icons/zoomnaked_all.png)
ZoomNaked
Zoom to include all naked edges on selected objects with naked edges.
![Not on toolbars.](../image/general/_no_toolbar_button.png)
ZoomNonManifold
Zoom to include all non-manifold edges on selected objects with non-manifold edges.
Set a view
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View](../image/command_icons/movetargettoobjects.png)
MoveTargetToObjects
Move the target to the center of selected objects.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View](../image/command_icons/namedview.png)
NamedView
Manage the named views.
![Toolbar: View | Viewport Layout](../image/command_icons/oneview.png)
OneView
Sets the active construction plane according to the current view direction to accommodate single-window modeling.
![Toolbar: Set View](../image/command_icons/orientcameratosrf.png)
OrientCameraToSrf
Align the view to a surface normal.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View | Viewport Layout](../image/command_icons/perspectiveangle.png)
PerspectiveAngle
Set the viewport field-of-view angle.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View](../image/command_icons/perspectivematch.png)
PerspectiveMatch
Allow matching the view to the Wallpaper image.
![Toolbar: Set View](../image/command_icons/plan.png)
Plan
Set the viewport to a parallel plan view.
![Toolbar: Render Sidebar | Set View](../image/command_icons/setview_top.png)
SetView
Change the view to a standard construction plane view.
![Toolbar: Light Tools | Render Tools](../image/command_icons/setviewtospotlight.png)
SetViewToSpotlight
Match the view to a spotlight direction.
![Not on toolbars.](../image/general/_no_toolbar_button.png)
SwapView
Exchange the views in two viewports with one another.
See also
![Toolbar: Viewport Layout](../image/command_icons/synchronizeviews.png)
Synchronize Views
Set the scale and center of all viewports to match the active viewport.
![Toolbar: Set View | View](../image/command_icons/turntable.png)
Turntable
Rotate a view around the target.
![Toolbar: Set View](../image/command_icons/walkabout.png)
WalkAbout
Toggle between WalkAbout and normal navigation modes.