UnifyMeshNormals | Rhino 3-D modeling

The UnifyMeshNormals command changes the normal direction of the faces in a mesh object so they all point in a consistent direction.

Steps

Select a single unjoined mesh.

The normals of all the faces of the mesh will now point to one side of the mesh.

The UnifyMeshNormals command changes the direction of the surface normals of a mesh object so all normals face the same direction. This command is useful for tidying up your mesh objects for export into 3D Studio. View>Display Modes Options let you display the front and back faces in different colors. This will show you whether the normals need to be unified.

Note

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If UnifyMeshNormals doesn't seem to affect your mesh, explode it. Once the normals are correct, re-join the meshes.

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A polygon can have two types of normals: vertex normals and a face normal.

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All polygons have a face normal direction, but many polygon meshes do not have vertex normals. For example, 3DFace objects, mesh primitives, and polygon meshes imported in formats other than 3DM and 3DS do not have vertex normals.

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In general, the order of the vertices in a polygon determines the face normal direction. The order of the vertices should be either clockwise or counterclockwise. You can determine the normal direction from the vertices using the right-hand rule.

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You use the UnifyMeshNormals command primarily to make sure that the vertex order of all polygons in welded mesh is the same.

Example

Import an STL file with holes in it.

Fill the holes in the mesh.

Weld the mesh setting the welding angle to 180 to make sure all vertices get welded.

Use UnifyMeshNormals.

Turn on one sided rendering and shade the model to see if the mesh face normals point in or out. If you see inside the mesh, normals point the wrong way.

Use the Flip command to change the mesh normal direction if necessary.

Export in desired format.